On docket: religious freedom vs. drug laws

WASHINGTON ? In a case with potential important significance for minority religious groups in America, the US Supreme Court this week takes up a clash between the nation’s drug laws and a statute protecting religious liberty.

At issue in the case set for oral argument Tuesday is the scope of the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). The law requires the federal government to justify any measure that substantially burdens a person’s ability to practice his or her religion.

The case involves a religious sect of 130 members based in New Mexico. The group, adherents of the Brazil-based religion UDV, believes the use of sacramental tea in its ceremonies helps them connect with God. Consumption of the tea is the central ritual act of their faith. Some analysts liken it to the consecration of wine at a Roman Catholic mass or serving unleavened bread at a Passover Seder.

The problem is that the tea, made from two sacred plants found in the Amazon region of Brazil, contains a hallucinogenic substance banned in the US.

Christian Science Monitor

Bad Trip for Online Drug Peddlers

Suppliers of designer psychedelic drugs who sold their wares on the internet face potential life terms in prison as their cases come up for sentencing this month.

In a sting dubbed “Operation Web Tryp” that was carried out last year, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration shut down five websites and arrested 10 site operators in Louisiana, New York, Virginia and California for selling lab-pure psychedelics online.

Known euphemistically as “research chemicals,” the drugs come from the same chemical families as LSD (tryptamines) and mescaline (phenethylamines), but are too new to have street names. Instead, they’re referred to by abbreviated lab names such as 5-MeO-AMT, 2-CT-7 and DiPT.

Ingestion of research chemicals results in mind-altering and emotion-amplifying effects similar to those experienced by users of more well-known psychedelics.

From BLOCKHEAD via Wired

LORDS OF ACID: How the Brotherhood of Eternal Love Became OC?s Hippie Mafia

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‘In the midst of that throbbing mass of passionately entwined bodies, Thumper set foot on a path that would take him into the arms of the Brotherhood of Eternal Love, a legally registered nonprofit religious institution centered on Mystic Arts World, a head shop in downtown Laguna Beach. The church?s figurehead and high priest was Timothy Leary, a world-famous former Harvard psychology professor turned proselytizer of psychedelic drugs. Leary and the Brotherhood preached spiritual awakening through Buddhist meditation and drug experimentation.’

“Leary?s mantra?Tune in, turn on, drop out?had already led countless disaffected middle-class kids to quit their jobs or classes, head to California and drop acid. The Brotherhood?s bible was Leary?s Psychedelic Prayers, his idiosyncratic translation of the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Mystic Arts sold copies of Leary?s book, along with incense, candles and imported countercultural paraphernalia. Behind a bamboo-covered wall, church members gathered in a secret meditation room decorated with a massive Taxonomic Mandala, a technicolor spiral depicting the evolution of life, from primal ooze to Homo sapiens.”

OC Weekly via Bruce Eisner’s Vision Thing

Amazonian Vine of Visions: Conclusions, Reflections, and Speculations by Ralph Metzner, Ph.D.

Ayahuasca is an hallucinogenic Amazonian plant concoction, that has been used by native Indian and mestizo shamans in Per?, Colombia and Ecuador for healing and divination for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years. It is known by various names in the different tribes, including caapi, natema, mihi and yaj?. The name ayahuasca is from the Quechua language: huasca means “vine” or “liana” and aya means “souls” or “dead people” or “spirits”. Thus “vine of the dead”, “vine of the souls” or “vine of the spirits” would all be appropriate English translations. It is however slightly misleading as a name, since the vine Banisteriopsis caapi is only one of two essential ingredients in the hallucinogenic brew, the other one being the leafy plant Psychotria viridis, which contain the powerful psychoactive dimethyltryptamine (DMT). It is the DMT, derivatives of which are also present in various other natural hallucinogens, including the magic mushroom of Mexico, that provides visionary experiences and thus access to the realm of spirits and the souls of deceased ancestors. But DMT is not orally active, being metabolized by the stomach enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Certain chemicals in the vine inhibit the action of MAO and are therefore referred to as MAO-inhibitors:—their presence in the brew makes the psychoactive principle available and allows it to circulate through the bloodstream into the brain, where it triggers the visionary access to otherworldly realms and beings. The details of this remarkably sophisticated indigenous psychoactive drug-delivery system, and the history of its discovery by science, will be described and explored in this volume.

Biopark.org

How mushrooms enlightened civilization

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This Memorial Day weekend marks the 26th annual Morgan Hill Mushroom Mardi Gras celebrating the South Valley town?s greatest claim to fame – even greater, in fact, than the poppy jasper gemstone found only in the hills here. Visitors will swarm all over the city?s downtown to partake of the mushroom-themed cuisine and entertainment.

So what is it about this spongy little toadstool that sprouts up in moist, dark, dirt-laden places that will attract people to Morgan Hill this weekend? Quite a lot, actually.

The use of mushrooms in human cultures was explored extensively by Robert Gordon Wasson, an investment banker turned amateur ethnomycologist (someone who studies the relationship between people and mushrooms). Wasson discovered the world?s oldest documentation for mushroom use goes back at least 7,000 to 9,000 years ago to the Sahara region of Africa.

Now you might think that vast stretch of sand might be the last place to find mushrooms. After all, mushrooms like dark and moisture-laden places. Dry deserts seem very unpromising places as prime mushroom-growing real estate. But back several thousands years ago during the last Ice Age, the Sahara had a significantly different environment. Until the climate changed, a lush savanna made the Sahara ideal for growing mushrooms.

Hollister

I take illegal drugs for inspiration by Susan Blackmore Phd

Every year, like a social drinker who wants to prove to herself that she’s not an alcoholic, I give up cannabis for a month. It can be a tough and dreary time – and much as I enjoy a glass of wine with dinner, alcohol cannot take its place.

Some people may smoke dope just to relax or have fun, but for me the reason goes deeper. In fact, I can honestly say that without cannabis, most of my scientific research would never have been done and most of my books on psychology and evolution would not have been written.

Some evenings, after a long day at my desk, I’ll slip into the bath, light a candle and a spliff, and let the ideas flow – that lecture I have to give to 500 people next week, that article I’m writing for New Scientist, those tricky last words of a book I’ve been working on for months. This is the time when the sentences seem to write themselves. Or I might sit out in my greenhouse on a summer evening among my tomatoes and peach trees, struggling with questions about free will or the nature of the universe, and find that a smoke gives me new ways of thinking about them.

Yes, I know there are serious risks to my health, and I know I might be caught and fined or put in prison. But I weigh all this up, and go on smoking grass.

Daily Telegraph

Entheogens and the Origins of Religion by Andy Hall

Evolutionary science has amassed much evidence that the ancestors of man were primate cousins living in the forests and grasslands of Africa. Religious origins certainly grew out of primitive man?s struggle to define and control his surroundings. Prehistoric man would have respected and hailed the elements such as lighting, thunder and fire for their frightening and destructive power; and he would also have had respect for power mind altering substances found in nature, the most powerful being grassland mushrooms containing psilocybin.

Religious scriptures from several traditions mention mind-altering substances directly, and some scholars believe many other passages contain metaphors for psychedelics. If this is true for the existing scriptures, and churches historically have condemned the practices, one can only imagine what the heavily edited and suppressed scriptures may have contained on this subject. I hope to illustrate a few examples of modern scholarship and anecdotes that point to mind-altering substances that may have shaped early religious visions, religious scripture, and even our own minds.

Link

Bicycle Day

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It was 62 years ago today when Albert Hofmann first deliberately ingested 250mcg of LSD. Then he and his lab assistant rode their bicycles home, thus spawning a yearly tradition practiced by psychonauts everywhere – Bicycle Day.

Here’s what he says about the experience in LSD: My Problem Child:


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4/19/43 16:20: 0.5 cc of 1/2 promil aqueous solution of diethylamide tartrate orally = 0.25 mg tartrate. Taken diluted with about 10 cc
water. Tasteless.

17:00: Beginning dizziness, feeling of anxiety, visual distortions, symptoms of paralysis, desire to laugh.

Supplement of 4/21: Home by bicycle. From 18:00- ca.20:00 most severe crisis.

High Court Asked to End Religious Teatime

A small Christian group’s drinking of ceremonial tea could be curtailed if the Bush administration has its way before the Supreme Court.

The administration is challenging the New Mexico group—O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao Do Vegetal—and its practice of drinking hoasca, a sacred herbal tea that members believe connects them to God. The tea contains dimethyltryptamine, a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act and one the administration claims is banned by international treaty. The Supreme Court will decide whether to hear the case, Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao Do Vegetal, No. 04-1084, at its conference Friday.

Law.Com

One of the most Vivid Trip Reports Ever Recorded

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It was 2 summers ago. Two of my friends, Bob and Brian, had recently been tripping very frequently in nature. We would drive out to a local metro park, head to the nature preserve and walk the miles of trials through the wilderness. We hadn’t come across an occasion in which all 3 of us could get out there at the same time. It was either Bob or I, or Brian and Bob, or Brian and I, but never the 3 of us at the same time. Every time we got together, the conversation would always turn to how much fun we had walking the trails and enjoying nature while tripping, and how much fun it would be if all 3 of us got out there together. We decided to set a date, take it off work, and head out to the park for a day of fun.

The day soon arrived. We planned to meet at my wife?s parent?s house early in the morning. It was a convenient staging area, because they lived only 2 miles from the park and they were off on a vacation. Brian brought 13 grams of dried Malabars with him. They weren’t cracker dry. There was still a little moisture left, but barely any. It was hard to dry them out properly in the summer months due to the humidity. Since they weren’t 100% dry, we thought we could compensate by taking a little extra. We figured that if we each took a little more then 4 grams then it would equate to around 3.5 grams. It made perfect sense at the time…

From The Shroomery

The 91-Pound Acid Trip

Leonard Pickard
By Ryan Grim from Slate

On Nov. 25, 2003, a federal judge sentenced Leonard Pickard and Clyde Apperson to life and 30 years, respectively, for one count each of conspiracy to manufacture and distribute more than 10 grams of LSD and one count each of possession with the intent to distribute more than 10 grams of LSD. That afternoon, the Department of Justice and Drug Enforcement Administration celebrated the sentencing with a press release describing the bust in the case as the “Largest LSD Lab Seizure in DEA History.”

But how real is the 91-pound number? Based on my inquiries and official testimony, I’ve concluded that the drug operation the DEA broke up had less than a half-pound of LSD on hand, enough to make only 10 million hits of 20-microgram acid.

Slate

Psychedelic Self (Good Friday 1973) by Hans Taeger


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“I don’t think drugs have particularly helped anybody arrive where they are. It’s just that by the cultural circumstances of the time, in the sixties and early seventies, it so happened that people came to Zen through their experience with drugs. Before that they came to Zen by their experience in theosophy and other occult paths. And after that they came to Zen practice through their reading and their experience with yoka or aikido or Theravadin practice or whatever. It was just a peculiarity that at that particular time LSD was discovered and made widespread. It coincided with a lot of disillusionment with the Vietnam War and civil rights, etc. People were in despair of standard forms. They were ready to experiment. But that was then. When I hear this talk I feel transported back about thirty years. It seems like kicking a dead horse to me.” (Robert Aitken Roshi in ‘Tricycle’)

Psychedelic Therapy for Suffers of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

In Word War I, it was ?shell shock;? in World War II and Korea, it was ?combat fatigue.? In the aftermath of Vietnam, it got the name ?Post Traumatic Stress Disorder,? and it?s become one of the most difficult problems for veterans of the war in Iraq. Although regulations implementing the war on drugs declare Ecstasy a substance with no medical purpose, the Food and Drug Administration has approved trials of the psychedelic drug on veterans with PTSD. Do such hallucinogens have medical uses? We hear from those who’ve investigated PTSD and treated its sufferers, as well as a former director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse.

Listen

From KCRW: To the Point

US: Science pairs Ecstasy with terminally ill

[US News]: BELMONT, Mass.—Harvard researchers are preparing for the first time in three decades to conduct human experiments using a psychedelic drug, a study that would seek to harness the mind-altering effects of the drug Ecstasy to help ease the crushing psychic burdens faced by dying cancer patients.

In the experiment, 12 terminal cancer patients would be given MDMA, the active ingredient in Ecstasy, to determine whether the drug helps alleviate their anxiety. If the results are positive, the Harvard scientists said they will push forward with large-scale tests that could make end-of-life Ecstasy treatments generally available to terminally ill patients.

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