Judge Nullifies Human Gene Patents

genes

A federal judge on Monday nullified patents associated with human genes known to detect early signs of breast and ovarian cancer.

It was the first time a federal court has invalidated a patent on genes. The American Civil Liberties Union, which brought the case, said the New York federal court decision “calls into question the validity of patents now held on approximately 2,000 genes.”

U.S. District Judge Robert Sweet agreed with the civil rights group that the patents were invalid because they covered the most basic element of every person’s individuality. “Products of nature do not constitute patentable subject matter absent a change that results in the creation of a fundamentally new product,” Sweet wrote in a 152-page opinion.

The lawsuit claimed the patents were so broad they barred scientists from examining and comparing the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes at the center of the dispute. The patents issued more than a decade ago covered any new scientific methods of looking at these human genes that might be developed by others.

World Biggest Problem: Organized Crime

cocain cartel
Organized crime may have brought in more than $2 trillion in revenue last year, about twice all the military budgets in the world combined, according to the “2007 State of the Future” report, published by the Millennium Project of the World Federation of United Nations Associations, by Jerome C. Glenn and Theodore J. Gordon.

The report called organized crime one of the most pressing global issues that needs to be addressed in the next 10 years, along with global warming, terrorism, corruption, unemployment, and income disparities.

But the report noted success in tackling other issues, saying the world has made progress on ending poverty, improving access to education and settling conflicts. It also says the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa has begun to level off.

KurzweilAI

Google To Scan 800,000 Books & Manuscripts From Indian University

Need to dig up some information from a centuries-old text on ayurvedic medicine? Soon you’ll be able to do so from the comfort of your living room. Google has agreed to index and digitize 800,000 texts stored at the University of Mysore in India as part of its attempt to broaden the Google Book Search program, according to the Indo-Asian News Service.

“Written in both papers and palm leaves, there are around 100,000 manuscripts in our library, some dating back to the eighth century,” said the vice chancellor of Mysore. “The effort is to restore and preserve this cultural heritage for effective dissemination of knowledge.” He also added, cryptically, that the University plans to “patent them before making them available on public domain.”

booksGoogle has been aggressively expanding its Book Search program to include non-English library materials. It recently announced a deal with the University of Lausanne to scan a large collection of French-language works, and the new partnership with Mysore will digitize works in Sanskrit and Kannada. These schools lack the fear of Google displayed by the French government, which has so far introduced projects like Gallica and Quaero to challenge the search giant without any apparent success.

ars technica

Internet Censorship Grows Worldwide

censorshipInternet censorship is growing worldwide, with 26 out of 40 countries blocking or filtering political or social content, a study reported Friday.

The survey carried out by experts at four leading universities found that people in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa were often denied access to information about politics, sexuality, culture or religion.

Conducting the first of what is planned to become an annual survey, the experts at the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard and Toronto found that the approach varied according to the country.

For example, South Korea heavily censored only one topic, North Korea, while Iran, China and Saudi Arabia blocked both a wide range of topics and a great deal of content related to those topics.

sydney morning herald

The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism by Hakim Bey

taz

The “Read The Bills Act” Grassroots Legislation

Most Congressmen are lawyers, and many others are businessmen. They know what “fiduciary responsibility” is. For Members of Congress, fiduciary responsibility means reading each word of every bill before they vote.

But Congress has not met this duty for a long time. Instead . . .

  • They carelessly pass mammoth bills that none of them have read. Sometimes printed copies aren’t even available when they vote!
  • Often no one knows what these bills contain, or what they really do, or what they will really cost.
  • Additions and deletions are made at the last minute, in secrecy.
  • They combine unpopular proposals with popular measures that few in Congress want to oppose. (This practice is called “log-rolling.”)
  • And votes are held with little debate or public notice.
  • Oh, and once these bills are passed, and one of these unpopular proposals comes to light, they pretend to be shocked. “How did that get in there?” they say.

RTBA requires that . . .

  • Each bill, and every amendment, must be read in its entirety before a quorum in both the House and Senate.
  • Every member of the House and Senate must sign a sworn affidavit, under penalty of perjury, that he or she has attentively either personally read, or heard read, the complete bill to be voted on.
  • Every old law coming up for renewal under the sunset provisions must also be read according to the same rules that apply to new bills.
  • Every bill to be voted on must be published on the Internet at least 7 days before a vote, and Congress must give public notice of the date when a vote will be held on that bill.
  • Passage of a bill that does not abide by these provisions will render the measure null and void, and establish grounds for the law to be challenged in court.
  • Congress cannot waive these requirements.

The effects of these provisions will be profound . . .

  • Congress will have to slow down. This means the pace of government growth will also slow.
  • Bills will shrink, be less complicated, and contain fewer subjects, so that Congress will be able to endure hearing them read.
  • Fewer bad proposals will be passed due to “log-rolling.”
  • No more secret clauses will be inserted into bills at the last moment.
  • Government should shrink as old laws reach their sunset date, and have to be read for the first time before they can be renewed.

downsize dc

4 “Transparency in Gov’t” Bills Pass The House

Today, Congress took an important step towards restoring openness and transparency in government. Over the past six years, the Bush Administration has done everything it can to operate in secret, to avoid public scrutiny, and to limit congressional oversight. I am pleased that Congress is reversing this course by passing four critically important good government bills with strong bipartisan support.

H.R. 1255, approved by a vote of 333-93, makes clear that presidential records belong to the American people, not the president who created them. The Presidential Records Act Amendments of 2007 will nullify a Bush executive order which gave former presidents – and their heirs – nearly unlimited authority to withhold or delay the release of their own records. If it becomes law, this legislation will ensure that a complete historical record is available to researchers.

H.R. 1254, approved by a vote of 390-34, will require organizations that raise money for presidential libraries to disclose information about their donors. This will eliminate a major loophole that allows presidential supporters to secretly give millions in support of a president’s legacy while that president remains in office.

H.R. 1309, approved by a vote of 308-117, will strengthen the Freedom of Information Act and improve public access to government information. One key element of this legislation would restore the presumption of disclosure under FOIA that was eliminated by the Bush Administration in 2001.

H.R. 985, approved by a vote of 331-94, offers improved protections to federal whistleblowers who report wrongdoing to authorities. Federal employees and contractors are privy to information that enables them to play an essential role in ensuring government accountability.

Committee on Gov’t Oversight

1.8 Million Ancient Indian Manuscripts Go Online

The government has created an online database of 1.8 million ancient texts to promote them as treasures of the country and to preserve millions of neglected manuscripts. Out of the five million manuscripts, 1.8 million have been documented.

As the manuscripts were lying neglected, the ministry had set up a National Mission for Manuscripts with the aim to locate them through a nation-wide surveys and then to document and catalogue them.

IBN

Nasa and Google: A Match Made In The Heavens

Detailed 3D images of the Moon and Mars will soon be just a click away for web users, following a deal between search giant Google and US space agency Nasa.

The Space Agreement Act, signed on Monday, will put “the most useful of Nasa’s information on the internet”.

Real-time weather data and the positions of the International Space Station and shuttle could be included.

The deal will also see scientists from both institutions working together to solve complex computational problems.

“This agreement between Nasa and Google will soon allow every American to experience a virtual flight over the surface of the moon or through the canyons of Mars,” said Nasa administrator Michael Griffin.

The deal will make “Nasa’s space exploration work accessible to everyone,” he added.

bbc

U.S. Copyright Office Says OK to Cell Phone Unlocking, Game Emulators

With number portability already possible in the U.S., cell phone users are freely allowed to carry their numbers to whichever carrier they choose. Taking your handset with you to a new carrier, however, is a completely different story.

Many cell phone carriers “lock” their phones specifically to their network, meaning that any phone bought from one network cannot be freely used on another network using the same technology. Carriers often do this in an effort to prevent consumers from taking advantage of special subsidized phone pricing and then jumping to another service provider.

Today, the U.S. Copyright Office changed all that, and is legally allowing cell phone users to break the software locks that cell phone carriers place in their phones. However, carriers are still permitted to software lock their phones.

Also added to copyright exemptions today allow film professors copy sections from DVDs for educational compilations and let blind people use special software to read copy-protected electronic books, reports AP.

Computer programs and video game software that no longer have available the original machines required to run them on are also exempted, thus validating the use of select emulators. A bit of a monkey wrench in the emulator legality issue is that the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Wii all include some form of classic library emulation, possibly taking any game playable on current consoles, new or old, off the list of copyright exempted material.

daily tech news

Chinese City Makes Spreading ‘Rumors’ Online Illegal

Reportedly concerned with the dissemination of rumors on the Worldwide Web, anyone using the Internet to spread malicious rumors in the Chinese municipality of Chongqing is now subject to a fine of up to 1,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan ($126-633) or even detention of five days or more. The recently-enacted regulations seek to bar Chongqing netizens from using the Internet to make “defamatory comments or remarks, launch personal attacks, or seek to damage reputations online.” The new regulations follow rules introduced in August by the State Administration for Radio, Film, and Television that restricts video clips satirizing the government and celebrities.

ars technica

Post)modernism

by Neil p Corkeran

THE TERM ‘POSTMODERNISM,’ variously defined by different `representatives,’ has garnered the quality of a catch-all term describing new directions in architecture, art, literature, social science theory, critical philosophy and other disciplines that all seem to be cross-fertilizing, with often revolutionary effects. It is used to describe a socio-cultural condition of postmodernity growing out of the forces of late-Modernism, which is in turn inextricable intertwined with the expressed desires of late-Capitalism, as well as the interpretation and critique of that constructed condition.

With a (de)focus to ‘pluralism’ and a multitude of individual and community ‘voices,’ postmodernist thought can be seen as reacting to, and growing out of positivist aims and the universalist structural tendencies of Modernism. The ‘agenda’ of postmodernism (if only expressed unconsciously through the individual actions and contributions of its participants) can be seen ``to challenge monolithic elitism, to bridge…one discourse and interpretive community [with] another…so that different cultures acknowledge each other’s legitimacy. The motives are equally political and aesthetic.’’ The ``essential goal: [is] to further pluralism, to overcome the elitism inherent in the previous paradigm’’ (Jencks 12-13).

michigan state university

Google Bails Out YouTube By Buying Out YouTube

Search giant Google announced on Monday that it would acquire the hot young video-sharing website YouTube, in a $1.65 billion stock deal.

YouTube has soared in popularity since launching in February 2005 and estimates that more than 100 million videos are watched by visitors to its website each day. The site offers free content, ranging from home videos to snippets of Hollywood films, television shows and concerts.

“The YouTube team has built an exciting and powerful media platform that complements Google’s mission to organise the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful,” Google’s chief executive Eric Schmidt said in a statement.

newscientist

New Statute Set For File Sharing In Sweden

A 29-year old Swede, who was the first to be convicted under last year’s new file-sharing laws, has been cleared on appeal. The court of appeal did not consider the screen dumps provided by the Antipiracy Bureau enough evidence to be able to convict the man. Since the crime does not carry a high enough punishment under Swedish law to allow for a search of the defendant’s house, this means it will be virtually impossible to prove file-sharing crimes in the future.

the local

Will The Next Election Be Hacked?

The debacle of the 2000 presidential election made it all too apparent to most Americans that our electoral system is broken. And private-sector entrepreneurs were quick to offer a fix: Touch-screen voting machines, promised the industry and its lobbyists, would make voting as easy and reliable as withdrawing cash from an ATM. Congress, always ready with funds for needy industries, swiftly authorized $3.9 billion to upgrade the nation’s election systems – with much of the money devoted to installing electronic voting machines in each of America’s 180,000 precincts. But as midterm elections approach this November, electronic voting machines are making things worse instead of better. Studies have demonstrated that hackers can easily rig the technology to fix an election – and across the country this year, faulty equipment and lax security have repeatedly undermined election primaries. In Tarrant County, Texas, electronic machines counted some ballots as many as six times, recording 100,000 more votes than were actually cast. In San Diego, poll workers took machines home for unsupervised “sleepovers” before the vote, leaving the equipment vulnerable to tampering. And in Ohio – where, as I recently reported in “Was the 2004 Election Stolen?” [RS 1002], dirty tricks may have cost John Kerry the presidency – a government report uncovered large and unexplained discrepancies in vote totals recorded by machines in Cuyahoga County.

Rolling Stone